The British Colonial Government in India passed the Rowlatt Act.

The British Colonial Government passed the “Rowlatt Act” (black act), officially known as the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919.

It replaced wartime emergency laws to suppress nationalist activities.

The Act allowed arrest without trial and detention for up to two years.

It permitted secret trials without a jury and denied the right to appeal.

Police were given powers for warrantless arrests and searches.

The Act was passed despite strong opposition from Indian leaders.

Mahatma Gandhi launched the Rowlatt Satyagraha in protest.

Protests against the Act led to the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre on 13 April 1919.

Gandhi later called the movement a “Himalayan miscalculation”(or blunder).

The Act intensified the freedom struggle and was repealed in 1922.
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