The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre took place.

On 13 April 1919, the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre occurred, when people assembled peacefully in Jallianwala Bagh to protest the repressive Rowlatt Act and to celebrate the festival of Baisakhi.

Reginald Dyer ordered British troops to open fire on thousands of unarmed civilians without warning, blocking the only narrow exit and directing fire into the trapped crowd.

The soldiers fired approximately 1,650 rounds over ten minutes, continuing until their ammunition was nearly exhausted.

Official British records reported 379 deaths, but Indian estimates placed the number of casualties at over 1000, with many more injured.

The massacre triggered widespread outrage across India and became a turning point in the struggle for independence.

Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood, while Mahatma Gandhi returned his Kaiser-i-Hind medal in protest.

This tragic event ultimately led to the launch of the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920 and strengthened the demand for complete independence from British rule.
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