The cycle of communal violence began in Calcutta.

On 16 August 1946, The cycle of communal violence began in Calcutta, a day now known as 'Direct Action Day' or the 'Great Calcutta Killing'.

That day saw widespread communal violence between Hindus and Muslims, resulting in an estimated 4,000 to 10,000 deaths and extensive destruction in Bengal’s capital.

Over 100,000 people were displaced as homes, shops, vehicles, and other properties were destroyed in widespread communal attacks.